Field verification of thermal energy meters through ultrasonic clamp-on master meters

The measurement of heat consumption in buildings through thermal energy meters presents numerous metrological issues due, for example, to the installation and operational conditions (e.g. presence of plant constraints, low flow rates, low temperature differences between flow and return) leading often to unacceptable measurement errors and uncertainties. Therefore, in several EU countries, to guarantee consumer protection it is mandatory to carry out periodic inspection both in the laboratory and in the field to assess their accuracy, while in service. In this work, the authors present the results of experimental campaigns aimed at analysing the key metrological concerns for clamp-on master meters during infield verification of thermal energy meters. The results showed that particular care should be paid to the meter configuration and installation of the transducer and that legal metrology statutes in terms of permissible error and uncertainty for fielded meters are often very difficult to comply with. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.