The impact of climate change on tourism demand: evidence from Kazakhstan

This study takes the first step in analysing the impact of climate change on international tourist arrivals to Kazakhstan from 121 origin countries for the period 2000-2018. Despite this interest, little effort has been made to examine the relationship between time-variant climate variables and tourism demand. The study captures the destination choice of tourists based on temperature in the origin and destination countries over time by incorporating time-variant climate variables. The results reveal that the optimal temperature of international tourists visiting Kazakhstan is obtained at 7 degrees C. Moreover, international tourists prefer to travel to Kazakhstan at a moderate temperature, that is neither too hot nor too cold.