Operation of ships in cold climates with emphasis on tankers and new requirements

This paper evaluates the Baltic Ice Rules developed by the Swedish/Finnish authorities and compares them with the Rules given by the Russian Register of Shipping, the Arctic Rules given by Det Norske Veritas, and voluntary requirements given in the Rules for Design Ambient Temperature (DAT). The DAT notation includes requirements for materials with special regard to the possibility of brittle fracture. The DEICE notation gives information on how to solve the icing problem. The paper also touches on areas not covered by the Rules, including icing due to splash from green water, distribution of damage due to ice, and a summary of proposals for designing a ship intended to operate in cold climates.