Conservation genetics of Heritiera littoralis (Sterculiaceae), a threatened mangrove in China, based on AFLP and ISSR markers

AFLP and ISSR markers were used to determine the genetic variations in eight mangrove and non-mangrove populations of Heritiera littoralis (Sterculiaceae), a threatened species in China. Our results showed a moderate to high level of genetic variation in this species (P = 63.69%, H-T = 0.20 for AFLP: P = 76.07%, H-T = 0.22 for ISSR), and a relatively high level of genetic differentiation among populations (G(ST) = 0.24 for AFLP and 0.27 for ISSR). Life history traits, long-distance dispersal of floating seeds, and local environments may play important roles in shaping the genetic diversity and genetic structure of this species. Investigation of the plant's reproductive capacity showed that the natural seed production of H. littoralis was low, as was the germination rate and the transformation rate from juvenile to adult. H. littoralis is seriously threatened and is in urgent need of conservation in China. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.