The influence of gender and ethnicity on children's inferences about toy choice

By 4-5 years of age children can make gender-congruent inferences about toys. Not only do they respond differentially to gender labels attached to toys, even without such labels they make inferences about toy choice that reflect an awareness of and identification with their gender in-group. However it is unclear how far inferences about toy choice extend to other aspects of a child social identity. The present study explored the influence of both gender and ethnicity on children judgements on toy choice for themselves and others. Eighty-four children in three age groups (5, 6-7, 8-9 yrs) were shown photographs of unfamiliar toys and unfamiliar childrenfirom three ethnic groups (white, black, Asian) and were asked to rate how much they and these children would like each toy. Boys consistently predicted that Asian children would like the toys less than other ethnic groups. Ethnicity influenced inferences from 6-7 Years old where children predicted that white, black and Asian peers would like the toys differently from each other Children at 8-9 years old predicted that Asian peers would like the toys less than both white and black peers. Analysis of differences between children own liking and predictions for same- and opposite-sex others revealed that they were gendercentric. That is, children predicted that a same-sex child would like a toy more similarly to themselves compared to an opposite-sex child. Analysis between white and Asian children own liking and predictions for same- and other-ethnic others found that only 6-7-year-olds made ethnocentric inferences. That is, same-ethnic peers' liking was rated more similar to children own compared to that of other-ethnic peers. Findings are discussed in light of cognitive developmental theories and previous work on the development of perspective-taking skills.