Complete fluorescent fingerprints of extremophilic and photosynthetic microbes

被引:27
|
作者
Dartnell, Lewis R. [1 ,2 ]
Storrie-Lombardi, Michael C. [3 ]
Ward, John M.
机构
[1] UCL, UCL Inst Origins, London WC1E 6BT, England
[2] UCL, UCL Birkbeck, Ctr Planetary Sci, London WC1E 6BT, England
[3] Kinohi Inst, Pasadena, CA USA
关键词
biosignature; chlorophyll; cyanobacteria; extremophile; fluorescence; Mars; organic molecule; scytonemin; ultraviolet radiation; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; DEINOCOCCUS-RADIODURANS; BIOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS; RADIATION RESISTANCE; IONIZING-RADIATION; GAMMA-RADIATION; POLAR DESERT; HUMIC ACIDS; MARS; ULTRAVIOLET;
D O I
10.1017/S1473550410000224
中图分类号
P1 [天文学];
学科分类号
0704 ;
摘要
The work reported here represents a study into the total fluorescence exhibited by a broad selection of model, extremophilic and photosynthetic bacterial strains, over a great range of excitation and emission wavelengths from ultraviolet (UV) through visible to near infrared. The aim is to identify distinctive fluorescent features that may serve as detectable biosignatures of remnant microbial life on the Martian surface. A lab-bench fluorescence spectrometer was used to generate an excitation-emission matrix (EEM) for the unpigmented Escherichia coli, radiation-resistant Deinococcus radiodurans, Antarctic Dry Valley isolates Brevundimonas sp. MV.7 and Rhodococcus sp. MV.10, and the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Detailed EEMs, representing the fluorescence signature of each organism, are presented, and the most significant features suitable for biosignature surveys are identified, including small-molecule cellular metabolites, light-harvesting photosynthetic pigments and extracellular UV-screening compounds. E. coli exhibits the most intense emission from tryptophan, presumably due to the absence of UV-screening pigments that would shield the organism from short-wavelength light-exciting intracellular fluorescence. The efficacy of commonly available laser diodes for exciting cellular fluorescence is treated, along with the most appropriate filter wavelengths for imaging systems. The best combination of available laser diodes and PanCam filters aboard the ExoMars probe is proposed. The possibility of detecting fluorescence excited by solar UV radiation in freshly exposed surface samples by imaging when both sunlit and shadowed, perhaps by the body of the rover itself, is discussed. We also study how these biological fluorophore molecules may be degraded, and thus the potential biosignatures erased, by the high flux of far-ultraviolet light on Mars.
引用
收藏
页码:245 / 257
页数:13
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