Global sensitivity and uncertainty analyses of the water quality model VFSMOD-W

This study presents the statistical evaluation of the vegetative filter strip modeling system VFSMOD-W as a tool to design vegetative filter strips to use in the mitigation plans required as a part of phosphate mining permitting process by the State of Florida. A two-step statistical evaluation framework using global techniques is presented based on: (1) a screening method (Morris) for qualitative ranking of parameters, and (2) a variance-based method (extended Fourier Analysis Sensitivity Test--extended FAST) for quantitative sensitivity and uncertainty analyses. Measured characteristics of the central Florida phosphate-mining region are used to construct the 16 probability distributions of input factors. Two design filter lengths (3 and 6 m) and two model structures (VFSM--the filter module alone, and UH/VFSM--combined filter and source area components) are considered and compared to previous local "one-parameter-at-a-time" (OAT) analyses. It was found that for this application the filter's saturated hydraulic conductivity (VKS) was the most important factor controlling the filter runoff response, explaining over 90% of total output variance irrespective of model structure. In the case of the VFSM structure, sediment-related outputs were mainly influenced by three parameters: sediment particle size diameter (DP), effective flow width of the strip (FWIDTH), and VKS. For UH/VFSM. there were six important parameters: DP, the source area erosion and runoff parameters (slope of the source area Y, USLE soil erodibility index K, and runoff curve number CN), FWIDTH, and VXS. The results show the model's additive nature for this specific application, i.e., there are no significant parameter interactions for all model outputs except sediment outflow concentration and sediment wedge geometry. The uncertainty analysis indicates that regardless of the model structure, the probability of meeting a minimum required 75% sediment reduction was acceptable at the 90% confidence level for the 6 m long filter, but not for the 3 m filter In general the UH/VFSM model structure exhibited larger output uncertainty. Comparison with previous OAT analyses of the model indicates the importance of performing the global evaluation for each specific model application. The results illustrate four main products of the global analysis: ranking of importance of the VFSMOD-W parameters for different outputs, effect of changing modeling structure, type of influence of the important parameters, and assurance of the model's behavior.