Effect of Surface Roughness on the Properties of Titanium Materials for Bone Implants

According to recent studies, the use of nanostructured metal surfaces, especially titanium and titanium alloy surfaces, promotes the growth of bone tissue. In view of these results, in this study, we explored the possibility of generating a specified surface roughness for samples of titanium materials (titanium Grade 4 and Ti6Al7Nb titanium alloy) for bone implants by the gas cluster ion beam (GCIB) treatment technique. The results of GCIB treatment under various conditions for surface modification were evaluated by atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The toxicity of the titanium and titanium alloy materials was evaluated in experiments on the viability and the growth rate of substrate-dependent bone tissue progenitor cells on the surface of the materials. Good prospects for the use gas cluster ion beam technique for the generation of a specified surface roughness of materials based on titanium Grade 4 and Ti6Al7Nb titanium alloy for bone implants were demonstrated.