Critical Outcome Analysis of Staged Buccal Mucosa Graft Urethroplasty for Prior Failed Hypospadias Repair in Children

Purpose: Although staged buccal mucosa graft urethroplasty is a well accepted technique for salvage urethroplasty, there are few reports on this procedure for redo hypospadias repair in children. Materials and Methods: We reviewed patients who underwent staged buccal mucosa graft urethroplasty for redo hypospadias repair. Age, quality of graft before tubularization, meatal position, presence of balanitis xerotica obliterans and complications were recorded. Results: A total of 30 patients underwent 32 repairs during a 5-year period. Mean age at first stage was 7 years (range 1 to 17) and mean interval between stages was 9.3 months (5 to 13). Mean followup after second stage was 25 months (range 10 to 46). Meatal position before first stage was proximal in 44% of patients, mid shaft in 39% and distal in 16%. Nine patients had biopsy proved balanitis xerotica obliterans. There were no donor site complications. Four patients underwent a redo grafting procedure. Complications after second stage occurred in 11 of 32 repairs (34%), consisting of urethral stenosis in 5, glanular dehiscence in 3 and urethrocutaneous fistula in 3. A third of the patients had some degree of graft fibrosis/induration after the first stage. These patients were prone to more complications at second stage (9 of 11, 82%), compared to patients without these unfavorable findings (4 of 21, 19%; p < 0.001). Presence of balanitis xerotica obliterans and meatal position were not significant factors associated with adverse outcomes. Conclusions: Staged buccal mucosa graft urethroplasty is a suitable technique for salvage urethroplasty. Complications after second stage were seen in approximately a third of patients, mainly those with fibrotic/indurated grafts.