Fresh market tomato yield and soil nitrogen as affected by tillage, cover cropping, and nitrogen fertilization

被引:20
|
作者
Yaffa, S
Sainju, UM [1 ]
Singh, BP
Reddy, KC
机构
[1] Ft Valley State Univ, Agr Res Stn, Ft Valley, GA 31030 USA
[2] Alabama A&M Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Normal, AL 35762 USA
关键词
Lycopersicon esculentum; nitrogen uptake; hairy vetch; Vicia villosa; mulch; soil nitrogen; leaching; sustainable agriculture;
D O I
10.21273/HORTSCI.35.7.1258
中图分类号
S6 [园艺];
学科分类号
0902 ;
摘要
Sustainable practices are needed in vegetable production to maintain yield and to reduce the potential for soil erosion and N leaching. We examined the effects of tillage [no-till (NT), chisel plowing (CP), and moldboard plowing (MP)], cover cropping [hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Both) vs. winter weeds], N fertilization (0, 90, and 180 kg.ha(-1) N), and date of sampling on tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) yield, N uptake, and soil inorganic N in a Norfolk sandy loam in Fort Valley, Ga. for 2 years. Yield was greater with CP and MP than with NT in 1996 and was greater with 90 and 180 than with 0 kg.ha(-1) N in 1996 and 1997. Similarly, aboveground tomato biomass (dry weight of stems + leaves + fruits) and N uptake were greater with CP and MP than with NT from 40 to 118 days after transplanting (DAT) in 1996; greater with hairy vetch than with winter weeds at 82 DAT in 1997; and greater with 90 or 180 than with 0 kg.ha(-1) N at 97 DAT in 1996 and at 82 DAT in 1997. Soil inorganic N was greater with NT or CP than with MP at 0- to 10-cm depth at 0 and 30 DAT in 1996; greater with hairy vetch than with winter weeds at 0- to 10-cm and at 10- to 30-cm at 0 DAT in 1996 and 1997, respectively; and greater with 90 or 180 than with 0 kg.ha(-1) N from 30 to 116 DAT in 1996 and 1997. Levels of soil inorganic N and tomato N uptake indicated that N release from cover crop residues was synchronized with N need by tomato, and that N fertilization should be done within 8 weeks of transplanting. Similar tomato yield, biomass, and N uptake with CP vs. MP and with 90 vs. 180 kg.ha(-1) N suggests that minimum tillage, such as CP, and 90 kg.ha(-1) N can better sustain tomato yield and reduce potentials for soil erosion and N leaching than can conventional tillage, such as MP, and 180 kg.ha(-1) N, respectively. Because of increased vegetative cover in the winter, followed by increased mulch and soil N in the summer, hairy vetch can reduce the potential for soil erosion and the amount of N fertilization required for tomato better than can winter weeds.
引用
收藏
页码:1258 / 1262
页数:5
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