The title complex, [Ba(mu(5)-1,8-nap)](n) (1), was the first barium complex based on naphthalene-1,8-dicarboxylate (1,8-nap) ligand, has been synthesized by hydrothermal method. It belongs to monoclinic system with space group P2(1)/c, a=1.551 80(7) nm, 1)=0.830 32(4) nm, c=0.816 72(4) nm, beta=93.973(3)degrees, V=1.049 81(9) nm(3), D-c=2.224 g.cm(-3), Z=4,F(000)=664, the final R-1=0.0479, wR(2)=0.124 2. The crystal structure of complex 1 consists of a 9-coordinated Ba(II) atom and a 1,8-nap ligand. Each 1,8-nap ligand links five Ba(II) atoms and each Ba(II) atom attaches to five I,8-nap ligands to form a 2D bilayer framework along the (100) plane. The luminescence of complex 1 has also been investigated, and results reveals that it displays luminescent property in the voilet region. CCDC: 778610.