Properties of Perovskite Solar Cells by the Sputtered Compact TiO2 Layer

Lead halide perovskite is an excellent candidate for use as a light harvester in solar cells. The perovskite (CH3NH3)PbX3 (X = halogens) structure consists of organic components in a cuboctahedral structure and inorganic components in an octahedral structure. Overall, the material exhibits the chemical properties of the organic component. Thus, we fabricated solid-state hybrid organic-inorganic solar cells comprising a layered structure of nanoparticulate titania, an organometallic halide perovskite, and spiro-OMeTAD as a hole transporter. In this work, uniform, compact TiO2 layers were prepared by a facing target sputtering system using a Ti target. The structure, morphology, chemical composition, and conductivity of the prepared material are compared to those of TiO2 prepared by conventional methods. The cell exhibited a maximum unit cell efficiency of 12.84%, short-circuit current of 24.24 mA/cm(2), fill factor of 49.51, and open-circuit voltage of 0.85 V. The light-to-electric-energy conversion efficiency of various solar cells with perovskite photoelectrodes was determined by irradiation with 100-mW/cm(2) simulated solar light.