Multi-area multi-source automatic generation control in deregulated power system

The restructuring of the interconnected power systems under the Independent System Operator (ISO) managing to get an unforced and independent electricity market is the ultimate goal for the federal energy regulatory commission (FERC). Therefore, it is converted a common topic of general studies for the period of last years. Therefore, FERC presents various ancillary services such as frequency control based on load following under automatic generation control (AGC) in the deregulated environment. This paper presents a multi-area multi-source AGC in a deregulated power system that operates under deregulation platform on the bilateral policy having the thermal power plants with reheat turbine, gas, diesel and hydro power units in the form of a four-area interconnected power system with various of the possible contracts. Since damping of frequency oscillation under unexpected faults is very important to grantee system stability, therefore, the optimal tuning of proportional-integral-derivative controller with low pass filter is converted a single objective function optimization problem considering system parameter's uncertainties and eigenvalues. The important benefit of this approach is its high insensitivity to large load changes and disturbances in the existence of unit parameter discrepancy and model's nonlinearities. To cope with the disadvantage of the conventional controllers in the AGC power system, the proposed optimization problem is solved by a new modified virus colony search (MVCS). Simulations are carried out for a large-scale AGC power system under the deregulated regime with the various possible contracts and load distributions. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.