Sex differences in type 2 diabetes mellitus prevalence among persons with HIV

Objective: To examine whether type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is more common among women with HIV (WWH) than men with HIV (MWH). Design: A cross-sectional analysis of a demographically heterogenous population-based sample of more than 64 million patients in the United States. Methods: Using the Explorys (IBM) database, compare the prevalence of T2DM among men and women without HIV and influence of HIV on T2DM by sex controlling for confounding factors. Results: From 19 182 775 persons included in the study, 39 485 were with HIV. Rates of obesity was higher among WWH than MWH (58 vs. 35%). Prevalence of T2DM among WWH was 23% compared with 16% among MWH (P < 0.001). In sex-stratified adjusted analysis, WWH had 1.31 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.24-1.38] times the odds of having T2DM than women without HIV. Women with HIV was associated with T2DM across all demographic subgroups. In contrast, no association between HIV and T2DM was observed among men (OR 1.01; 95% CI 0.98-1.05). Conclusion: These data suggest that HIV confers a sex-specific increase in odds of T2DM among women but not men.