Pricing strategy of closed-loop supply chain considering manufacturer's fairness preference under different recycling mode

To study recycling and pricing decisions for closed-loop supply chain (CLSC) considering fairness preference, under the structure of retailer, manufacturer and both them recycling channel, three decision models were constructed, respectively. The influence of manufacturer's fairness preference behavior on the optimal decision-making of CLSC in three different situations was analyzed. According to the analysis and comparison of the equilibrium results under the three situations, it shows that no matter what the recycling channel structure is, the manufacturer's fairness preference behavior is always beneficial to maximizing profits and economic utility, but always unfavorable to the dominant retailer and the whole system. Further comparing the three recycling channels of CLSC, the research shows that, the dual-recycling channel structure when retailer and manufacturer recycling simultaneous is the best compared with the retailer or manufacturer recycling alone.