Review of Contrast-Enhanced Mammography

Contrast-enhanced mammography (CEM) is a new breast imaging technique. CEM provides morphologic (mammography) and functional information obtained after the injection of iodinated contrast material. We review the basics and state-of-the-art CEM, highlighting the potential challenges to implement CEM in a breast imaging department. We also provide an update in CEM technique and interpretation; the performance of this modality versus conventional breast imaging modalities (mammography, ultrasound, and MRI); existing clinical applications; potential challenges; and pitfalls.