Neospora caninum seroprevalence and risk factors for ewes from Santa Catarina Plateau, Brazil

Neospora caninum can cause reproductive problems and economic losses in sheep flock. In order to evaluate N. canium seroprevalence and to identify risk factors, blood samples were collected from 1,308 ewes at 92 properties in 30 municipalities of Santa Catarina Plateau, southern Brazil. The antibodies against N. caninum were detected by Indirect Immunofluorescence Antibody Test (IFAT, >= 1:50) and the seropositive were titrated in serial twofold up to a maximum dilution. Data concerning animal management and information about reproductive problems were obtained from questionnaires. The results were tabulated and analyzed using the Fisher's exact and Chi-Square tests (P<0.05). Among the 1,308 animals evaluated, 92 (7%) were seropositive to N. caninum. The titers observed varied from 1: 50 to 1: 3200. In 39 (42.4%) properties there was at least one infected animal. Breed (P=0.0249) and contact with cattle (P=0.0491) showed correlation with the prevalence of N. caninum. No association was found between N. caninum serology and reproductive disorders.