Evaluation of travel demand measures and programs: A data envelopment analysis approach

Traffic congestion in urban as well as suburban areas has increased steadily in the United States despite substantial increases in federal, state and local spending. While no adequate responses to control the growth of congestion have been identified, travel demand management (TDM) has become a recognized policy option. Despite the recognition of TDM measures as a potential option, few methods have been suggested that can critically evaluate the improvements achieved through these measures at individual worksites or can isolate the effects of particular measures. This paper presents such a methodology and applies that methodology to 33 worksites that have TDM programs in effect. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.