The Effects of Adaptive Learning in a Massive Open Online Course on Learners' Skill Development

We report an experimental implementation of adaptive learning functionality in a self-paced Microsoft MOOC (massive open online course) on edX. In a personalized adaptive system, the learner's progress toward clearly defined goals is continually assessed, the assessment occurs when a student is ready to demonstrate competency, and supporting materials are tailored to the needs of each learner. Despite the promise of adaptive personalized learning, there is a lack of evidence-based instructional design, transparency in many of the models and algorithms used to provide adaptive technology or a framework for rapid experimentation with different models. ALOSI (Adaptive Learning Open Source Initiative) provides open source adaptive learning technology and a common framework to measure learning gains and learner behavior. This study explored the effects of two different strategies for adaptive learning and assessment: Learners were randomly assigned to three groups. In the first adaptive group ALOSI prioritized a strategy of remediation - serving learners items on topics with the least evidence of mastery; in the second adaptive group ALOSI prioritized a strategy of continuity - that is learners would be more likely served items on similar topic in a sequence until mastery is demonstrated. The control group followed the pathways of the course as set out by the instructional designer, with no adaptive algorithms. We found that the implemented adaptivity in assessment, with emphasis on remediation is associated with a substantial increase in learning gains, while producing no big effect on the drop-out. Further research is needed to confirm these findings and explore additional possible effects and implications to course design.