The author examines the history and early implementation of specific minimum nurse-to-patient ratios in all units of acute-care hospitals in California. After reviewing preliminary forecasts of the effects of the ratios, the effects of the regulations in the first few months of their implementation are studied. Future concerns and needs for research are explored to provide guidance about issues that nursing leaders must address when considering minimum nurse-to-patient ratios.
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Univ Penn, Sch Nursing, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USAUniv Penn, Sch Nursing, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
Sochalski, Julie
Konetzka, R. Tamara
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Univ Chicago, Dept Hlth Studies, Chicago, IL 60637 USAUniv Penn, Sch Nursing, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
Konetzka, R. Tamara
Zhu, Jingsan
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Univ Penn, Sch Med, Dept Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USAUniv Penn, Sch Nursing, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
Zhu, Jingsan
Volpp, Kevin
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Univ Penn, Sch Med, Dept Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
Philadelphia Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Philadelphia, PA USA
Univ Penn, Wharton Sch, Dept Hlth Care Syst, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USAUniv Penn, Sch Nursing, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
机构:Carnegie Mellon Univ, Heinz Coll, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
Cook, Andrew
Gaynor, Martin
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Carnegie Mellon Univ, Heinz Coll, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
Univ Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, Avon, England
NBER, Cambridge, MA 02138 USACarnegie Mellon Univ, Heinz Coll, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
Gaynor, Martin
Stephens, Melvin, Jr.
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NBER, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USACarnegie Mellon Univ, Heinz Coll, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
Stephens, Melvin, Jr.
Taylor, Lowell
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机构:Carnegie Mellon Univ, Heinz Coll, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA