Facilitating and hindering factors for reporting adverse events: an integrative review

Objective: To analyze the evidence available in scientific literature about hindering and facilitating factors for adverse event reporting. Methods: This is an integrative literature review, with the guiding question based on the acronym PCC (Problem, Concept and Context): which factors facilitate and hinder that interfere with adverse event reporting in health services? The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis was used as a guide to report the review method; inclusion criteria were publications of primary studies between 2015 and 2019, in Brazilian Portuguese and/or Spanish and/or English. Publication search took place in March 2020 at the Virtual Regional Health Library, using "erros medicos" (medical errors) OR "erros de medicack" (medication errors) AND "notificacao" (reporting), and in the National Library of Medicine and SCOPUS, using "risk management" OR "safety patient" AND "mandatory reporting". Results: A total of 2,195 studies was found, of which 31 were eligible; after reading in full, 11 comprised the final sample. The facilitating factors were grouped, namely: institutional support to professionals; organizational safety culture; reporting system improvement; incentive to voluntary and confidential report. The hindering factors: lack of material/human resources; fear/shame; punitive institutional posture/lack of protection; lack of encouragement to reporting; gaps in knowledge. Conclusion: The synthesis of these factors can be used to optimize care and management measures with the provision of material, personal resources, training and promotion of a safety culture, with a view to encouraging reporting, seeking reliable indicators of these injuries.