A State-of-the-Art Review on Robots and Medical Devices Using Smart Fluids and Shape Memory Alloys

Over the last two decades, smart materials have received significant attention over a broad range of engineering applications because of their unique and inherent characteristics for actuating and sensing aspects. In this review article, recent research works on various robots, medical devices and rehabilitation mechanisms whose main functions are activated by smart materials are introduced and discussed. Among many smart materials, electro-rheological fluids, magneto-rheological fluids, and shape memory alloys are considered since there are mostly appropriate application candidates for the robot and medical devices. Many different types of robots proposed to date, such as parallel planar robots, are investigated focusing on design configuration and operating principles. In addition, specific mechanism and operating principles of medical devices and rehabilitation systems are introduced and commented in terms of practical realization.