High Levels of Viral Suppression Among East African HIV-Infected Women and Men in Serodiscordant Partnerships Initiating Antiretroviral Therapy with High CD4 Counts and During Pregnancy

People who are asymptomatic and feel healthy, including pregnant women, may be less motivated to initiate antiretroviral therapy (ART) or achieve high adherence. We assessed whether ART initiation, and viral suppression 6, 12, and 24 months after ART initiation, were lower in HIV-infected members of serodiscordant couples who initiated during pregnancy or with higher CD4 counts. We used data from the Partners Demonstration Project, an open-label study of the delivery of integrated pre-exposure prophylaxis and ART (at any CD4 count) for HIV prevention among high-risk HIV serodiscordant couples in Kenya and Uganda. Differences in viral suppression (HIV RNA <400 copies/ml) among people initiating ART at different CD4 count levels (350, 351-500, and >500 cells/mm(3)) and during pregnancy were estimated using Poisson regression. Of 865 HIV-infected participants retained after becoming eligible for ART during study follow-up, 95% initiated ART. Viral suppression 24 months after ART initiation was high overall (97%), and comparable among those initiating ART at CD4 counts >500, 351-500, and 350 cells/mm(3) [96% vs. 97% vs. 97%; relative risk (RR) 0.98; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.93-1.03 for CD4>500 vs. <350 and RR 0.99; 95% CI: (0.93-1.06) for CD4 351-500 vs. 350]. Viral suppression was as likely among women initiating ART primarily to prevent perinatal transmission as ART initiation for other reasons (p=.9 at 6 months and p=.5 at 12 months). Nearly all HIV-infected partners initiating ART were virally suppressed by 24 months, irrespective of CD4 count or pregnancy status. These findings suggest that people initiating ART at high CD4 counts or due to pregnancy can adhere to ART as well as those starting treatment with symptomatic HIV disease or low CD4 counts.