Targeting PPARs Signaling Pathways in Cardiotoxicity by Natural Compounds

Cardiotoxicity can be a complication of both drugs and a variety of other chemicals that affects morbidity, quality of life, and even mortality. The accumulation of lipids and inflammation have been implicated in the development of cardiotoxicity. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), a family of transcription factors, have a role in controlling the cardiac expression of genes involved in lipid and glucose metabolism and the inflammatory response. The different PPAR isoforms, PPAR alpha, PPAR gamma, and PPAR beta/delta, have a role in multiple functions in cardiac tissue. The protective nature of several naturally occurring chemicals (NCs) against cardiotoxicity by targeting PPAR alpha and PPAR gamma has been reported. The literature related to the ability of several NCs to modulate cardiotoxicity through targeting the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/the PPAR gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1 alpha)/PPAR alpha, the PPAR alpha/the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B), and the PPAR gamma/the nuclear factor-erythroid 2 related factors 2 (Nrf2)/the heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1)/NF-kappa B signaling pathways are reviewed.