Angular Distributions of Final-state Particles Produced in Proton-nucleus and Nucleus-nucleus Collisions at High Energies

To understand the emission source of the final-state particles produced in proton-nucleus and nucleus-nucleus collisions at high energies, we analyzed some experimental data of angular distributions by using the multi-source ideal gas model. The deformation and the movement of the emission source are considered in the model, and the method of Monte Carlo simulation is performed. We show that the calculated results are in agreement with the experimental data. Our results show that the emission source has a deformation and/or movement in the p(z)-p(y) plane (off-reaction plane).