Microbial community and antimicrobial resistance in fecal samples from wild and domestic ruminants in Maiella National Park, Italy

This study aimed to provide new insights about antimicrobial resistance genes abundance and microbial com-munities of wild and domestic ruminants in wildlife-livestock interface. In total, 88 fecal samples were recovered from Apennine chamois, red deer, goat, cattle and sheep, and were collected in pools. The populations under study were selected based on ecological data useful to define sympatric and non-sympatric populations. Samples were screened for commonly used in farms under study or critically important antimicrobial resistance genes (aadA2, TetA, TetB, TetK, TetM, mcr-1). The microbial community composition was found to be different based on the species and land use of animals under study. Indeed, it was mostly characterized by phyla Firmicutes in bovine, Bacteroidota in chamois and Proteobacteria in red deer. Additionally, positive correlations between antibiotic resistance genes and microbial taxa (e.g., Tet genes correlated with Firmicutes and Patescibacteria) were described. Of the antimicrobials investigated, the abundance of mcr-1 gene suggests the importance of moni-toring the wildlife in order to detect the emerging resistance genes contamination in environment. This study provides new data that highlight the importance of multidisciplinary and uncultured study in order to describe the spreading of antimicrobial resistance and related contamination in the environment.