Psychological talent predictors in early adolescence and their empirical relationship with current and future performance in soccer

Objectives: This study examined the relationship of talented soccer players' psychological characteristics with current and future performance. Design: Both a cross-sectional and a prospective design were used. Method: The sample consisted of 2677 U12 players in the German talent development program. Self report questionnaires captured psychological dispositions and skills that were assigned to the areas of motivation, volition, self-referential cognition, and emotion. Current performance was operationalized by a motor score representing speed abilities and technical skills as well as by coaches' subjective ratings (A = highly promotion-worthy, B = promotion-worthy, C = partly promotion-worthy). The level of future performance was assessed by examining whether individuals were selected for professional clubs' youth academies in U16. Results: This study revealed that only self-referential cognitions had a significant and relevant association with the motor score (0.10 <= r <= 0.37). The players in the subjectively rated categories significantly differed in 10 of 17 psychological scales (0.01 <= eta(2) <= 0.03). In most of the scales, A-players showed more positively connoted values compared to B- and C-players. Logistic regressions demonstrated that 10 of 17 characteristics explained a significant proportion of players' future success. Players with high dispositions in these characteristics had a greater chance of achieving a higher performance level compared to players with low dispositions (1.61 <= OR <= 2.65). Conclusions: Expanding on previous research, this study enabled comparisons between a wide range of psychological characteristics with regard to their relevance for soccer performance, leading to conclusions for talent identification and development. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.