A study on a swirl type multi-hole fuel injector for a PFI system to improve air-fuel mixture formation

This paper described the development and simulation works thatwere conducted on an injector that has a combined swirl spray and multi-hole injection functions. It was expected that those two functions would provide beneficial effects to the fuel injector, in order to provide better fuel and air mixing, especially for Port Fuel Injection (PFI) application. The combination of both functions was aimed for achieving high quality spray formation, which might be useful in cases when the combustion time is limited. Swirl spray pattern is known for fine droplets production with relatively smaller SMD and bigger coverage area in the combustion chamber. On the other hand, a multi-hole injector has the advantages of simplicity in manufacturing and operation. Preliminary results on the simulation works that were done separately, demonstrated the ability of the injector's design to produce swirl spray as well as injecting near-symmetrical sprays from the four holes at the injector's end. Nevertheless, these findings must be improved further in the future, especially on simulating the benefits of having a combined swirl and multi-hole functions inside a single injector. Furthermore, detailed assessment on manufacturability and cost effectiveness of this injector must also be addressed.