LTE-based passive radars and applications: a review

This paper provides an overview of the most recent passive radars based on long-term evolution (LTE). To begin, this paper investigates the various characteristics and requirements of 4 G LTE signals for radar, taking performance aspects such as range, velocity, range resolution, and velocity resolution into account. An ambiguity function analysis is performed on a measured LTE signal using the synchronization and reference signal components to evaluate key performance parameters such as Doppler and range characteristics. We also discuss how LTE passive radar can be used in a variety of applications. The detailed analysis of the LTE downlink signal, its structural overview, and the effect on cross- and self-ambiguity functions are all discussed. The paper investigates related standard development proposals, with a focus on performance evaluation criteria for existing passive radar technologies. As a result, this survey paper serves as a starting point for evaluating the performance of current and future passive radar innovations, including an emerging 5 G radar.