Arsenic, cadmium, lead and mercury content and health risk assessment of consuming freshwater fish with elements of chemometric analysis

The aim of the study was to assess arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and mercury (Hg) contamination of freshwater fish from Poland. Selected species of raw, smoked, and pickled freshwater fish (n = 212) were evaluated by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) and inductively coupled plasma - mass spectrometry (ICPMS). Assessment of health risk associated with intake of investigated elements present in fish was performed. Contamination of fish with As, Cd, Hg and Pb ranged as follows: As 23.3-59,290.1 mu g/kg, Cd 0.02-97.0 mu g/kg, Hg 9.04-606.3 mu g/kg, and Pb 0.04-171.4 mu g/kg. Consumption of selected species of freshwater fish, especially smoked fish products, may pose a non-carcinogenic and also carcinogenic health risk.