Design of liquid-liquid phase transfer catalytic processes

Issues related to the conceptual design of liquid-liquid phase transfer catalytic (LLPTC) processes are discussed. Based on a generic mathematical model, effects of reaction kinetics and mass transfer on the performance of LLPTC processes are captured in terms of Damkohler numbers. The effects of thermodynamic parameters on the process performance are also discussed. Elucidation of the basic mechanisms leads to the synthesis of two classes of flow sheets for LLPTC processes with recovery, and recycle of the phase transfer catalyst. Salient features of operation are identified for both classes. The use of the model in making judicious choices of the reactor phase attributes, the catalyst recovery scheme, the catalyst, and the organic solvent is demonstrated.