Community-based active case finding for tuberculosis in rural western China: a cross-sectional study

SETTING: Current passive case finding strategies are not effective at identifying tuberculosis (TB) patients in rural China. OBJECTIVE : To evaluate a community-based, active case finding (ACF) scheme in identifying symptomatic individuals with TB. DESIGN: We conducted door-to-door household visits of all residents aged >= 15 years at two rural sites to screen for TB symptoms. Individuals with symptoms were enrolled and asked to provide three sputum samples. All participants underwent chest X-ray, and microbiologic detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from sputum samples using microscopy, solid culture and Xpert (R) MTB/RIF was performed. RESULTS : Among the 19 334 residents screened for TB symptoms, 865 (4.5%) reported having >= 1 symptom. A total of 52 TB cases were detected, 11 of whom had microbiologic confirmation. Xpert identified all five M. tuberculosis culture-positive cases and yielded an additional three diagnoses. Prevalence of newly detected TB at the two sites through ACF was respectively 475 and 196 per 100 000 population. These estimates are respectively four and eight times, on average, higher than those identified through passive surveillance during the previous 5-year period for the two sites. CONCLUSION: Community-based symptom screening followed by laboratory tests was found to be feasible and effective in increasing TB case finding in rural China.