Hydrocortisone and bronchopulmonary dysplasia: variables associated with response in premature infants

Objective The primary objective was to evaluate hydrocortisone's efficacy for decreasing respiratory support in premature infants with developing bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Secondary objectives included assessment of the impact of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), maternal history of chorioamnionitis, side effects and route of administration associated with hydrocortisone's efficacy. Dexamethasone as second-line treatment to decrease respiratory support was reviewed. Methods Retrospective chart review of preterm infants requiring respiratory support receiving hydrocortisone. Results A total of 48 patients were included. Successful extubation was achieved in 50% of intubated patients after hydrocortisone treatment with no major complications. In our small study, history of maternal chorioamnionitis, IUGR or route of administration did not affect the response. Rescue dexamethasone after hydrocortisone therapy was ineffective in the ten patients who failed extubation following hydrocortisone. Conclusion Hydrocortisone is effective in decreasing respiratory support in patients with developing BPD without major complications. Randomized studies are warranted to confirm our findings.