The Effects of Pythagorean Self--Awareness Intervention on Irritable Bowel Syndrome Patients: A Non-randomized Controlled Trial

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional gastrointestinal disorder that affects a considerable percentage of the global population, mainly middle-aged women. IBS causes a constellation of symptoms with repercussions on patients' physical, psychological, and social well-being. Stress seems to play an important role in the pathogenesis of the disease as well as in its management. This study evaluated the effects of a novel non-pharmacological 8-week stress management intervention, the Pythagorean Self-Awareness Intervention (PSAI), in patients with IBS. In this non-randomized controlled trial, 60 IBS patients were assigned to an intervention and a control group. Self-reported questionnaires were used for the evaluation of IBS symptoms and a variety of biopsychological characteristics, pre- and post-intervention. All IBS-related symptoms were significantly reduced in the intervention group compared to the control group with 50% of the patients in the intervention group reporting less abdominal pain. The most potent effects of the intervention were observed in anger externalization, anger control, visuospatial memory, information processing speed, verbal memory, sense of coherence, stress, anxiety, and anger internalization. No side effects in the PSAI group were noted. In conclusion, PSAI was beneficial for patients suffering from IBS. Future research should expand and validate the results of this study.