Effects of Aegle marmelos (L.) methanolic leaf extracts on biochemical parameters in diabetic rats

Background: Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa is a widely found plant in India as well as in South Asia. For more than several centuries, it is being widely used for its medicinal properties. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the biochemical changes in alloxan-induced diabetic rats treated with methanolic leaf extracts of A. marmelos. Materials and Methods: Six treatment groups (namely control, diseased, standard (glimepiride), low dose (100mg/kg), medium dose (250mg/kg), and high dose (500mg/kg) of methanolic leaf extracts were used in the study. The biochemical effects were evaluated by the determination of albumin-to-globulin ratio (A/G ratio), albumin, amylase, bilirubin, blood urea, blood urea nitrogen, calcium, direct bilirubin, globulin, glucose-6-phosphate, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), homocysteine, indirect bilirubin, inorganic phosphate, lipase, mean blood glucose, serum uric acid, and vitamin D3. Results: No significant changes were observed in A/G ratio among the treatment groups when compared with the diseased and control treatment groups. Low- and medium-dose-treated animals showed a significant change in albumin, bilirubin, calcium, direct bilirubin, indirect bilirubin, globulin, glucose-6-phosphate, homocysteine, inorganic phosphate, lipase, and vitamin D3 levels when compared with standard treatment group as well as diseased group. Low-dose treatment group animals showed a significant increase in amylase and mean blood glucose levels than the diseased treatment groups, whereas low-dose treatment group animals showed a significant decrease in HbA1c levels than the diseased treatment groups. Conclusion: Through the biochemical changes, it is evident that the low and medium dose of methanolic leaf extract of A. marmelos can be used in the treatment of diabetes and its complications.