Impact of nucleation of carbonaceous clusters on structural, electrical and optical properties of Cr+-implanted PMMA

Specimens of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) have been implanted with 400 keV Cr+ ions at different ion fluences ranging from 5 x 10(13) to 5 x 10(15) ions/cm(2). The possible chemical reactions involved in the nucleation of conjugated carbonaceous clusters in implanted PMMA are discussed. Furthermore, impact of formation of carbonaceous clusters on structural, optical, electrical and morphological properties of implanted PMMA has been examined. The structural modifications in implanted PMMA are observed by Raman spectroscopy. The variation in optical band gap and Urbach energy is measured using UV-visible spectroscopic analysis. The effects of Cr+ ion implantation on electrical and morphological properties are investigated by four-probe apparatus and atomic force microscopy, respectively. The Raman spectroscopic analysis confirmed the formation of carbonaceous clusters with the transformation of implanted layer of PMMA into amorphous carbon. Simultaneously, the optical band gap of implanted PMMA has reduced from 3.13 to 0.85 eV. The increase in Urbach energy favors the decline in band gap together with the structural modification in implanted PMMA. As a result of Cr+ ion implantation, the electrical conductivity of PMMA has improved from 2.14 +/- 0.06 x 10(-10) S/cm (pristine) to 7.20 +/- 0.36 x 10(-6) S/cm. The AFM images revealed a decrease in surface roughness with an increment in ion fluence up to 5 X 10(14) ions/cm(2). The modification in the electrical, optical and structural properties makes the PMMA a promising candidate for its future utilization, as a semi-conducting and optically active material, in various fields like plastic electronics and optoelectronic devices.