Radiotherapy for vertebral hemangioma: the single-center experience of 80 patients

Purpose This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of radiotherapy and to determine possible prognostic factors in patients with painful vertebral hemangioma. Methods In the last two decades, 80 patients with vertebral hemangioma who received radiotherapy in our institute were evaluated in terms of pain response, treatment-related side effects, and prognostic factors. All patients were questioned 3 months after radiotherapy for the evaluation of pain response and were divided into three groups (complete response, partial response, and no change). Moreover, the visual analog scale (VAS) was used for pain response assessment in 46 patients. Pain status was assessed to detect recurrence at each clinical examination during the follow-up period. Possible prognostic factors such as gender, size of the hemangioma, location, multilevel involvement and additional musculoskeletal disease on pain response were analyzed. Results In this study, 45 individuals had lesions in the lumbar spine, 28 in the thoracic, and 7 in the cervical region. Furthermore, 51 patients had additional musculoskeletal conditions such as disc herniation, degenerative diseases, spondylolisthesis, and compression fracture. Radiotherapy was performed with a median daily dose of 2 Gy and a median total dose of 40 Gy. Complete pain response occurred in 58.8% of patients, 26.2% of patients had partial pain response, and 15% of patients had no pain response. The overall response rate was 85%, and 7 patients showed recurrent pain symptoms in the overall response group at routine follow-up. Additional musculoskeletal disorders were found to be the only prognostic factor associated with pain response. The median follow-up time was 60 months. Secondary malignancy was not found in any of the patients in this short follow-up time. No acute or late radiation-associated side effects greater than grade II were observed. Conclusion To our best knowledge, this study is one of the largest single-institution radiotherapy series on vertebral hemangiomas reported to date. The obtained data support the efficacy and safety of radiotherapy in the treatment of painful vertebral hemangioma. Our study showed that additional musculoskeletal disease plays an important role in pain response. Other prognostic factors and treatment of vertebral hemangioma with stereotactic radiosurgery should be investigated in future studies.