A scoping review of the payment mechanisms in childbirth of country members and non-members of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development

Introduction Payment mechanisms serve to put into operation the function of purchasing in health. Payment mechanisms impact the decisions that healthcare providers make. Given this, we are interested in knowing how they affect the generalized increase of C-section rates globally. Objective The objective of this review is to describe existing payment mechanisms for childbirth in countries members of the. Organization far Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and non-members. Methods We conducted a scoping review following the five methodological steps of the Joanna Briggs Institute. The search was conducted by researchers independently, achieving inter-reliability among raters (kappa index, 0.96). We searched electronic databases, grey literature, and governmental and non-governmental websites. We screened on three levels and included documents published in the last ten years, in English and Spanish. Results were analyzed considering the function of the reimbursement mechanism and its effects on providers, payers, and beneficiaries. Results Evidence from 34 countries was obtained (50% OECD members). Sixty-four percent of countries report the use of more than one payment mechanism for childbirth. Diagnosis-Related Groups (47.6%) Pay-for-performance (23.3%) Fee-for-service (16.6%) and Fixed-prospective systems (13.3%) are among the most frequently used mechanisms. Conclusion Countries use payment mechanism architecture to improve maternal-perinatal health indicators. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the best combination of mechanisms that improve the provision of health care and welfare of the population in the field of sexual and reproductive health.