Plant tissue culture: Past, present and prospects for the future

Modern biotechnology owes much to its roots derived from plant tissue culture and micropropagation. Indeed, the landmark publication by Gottlieb Haberlandt (1902), who is arguably referred to as the "Father of Tissue Culture", is often cited as the origin and emergence of plant tissue culture and its subsequent applications. Success of biotechnological approaches is dependent on regeneration of intact plants following genetic modification, generally by micropropagation. Contributions of Knudson, Thimann and Went, White, Gautheret, Skoog and others are discussed in a historical perspective. Examples of currently employed uses of plant tissue culture, especially practical applications of micropropagation are presented, which enables science to transition into an evaluation of what lies ahead. Potential uses of plant tissue culture and biotechnology to further our understanding of plant physiology, how plants function and resolution of legal issues are presented. Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation along with other modes of transformation such as micro-projectile bombardment have been accomplished. Incorporation of disease and stress resistance and other horticulturally important traits is a logical outcome to be anticipated in the future. Use of molecular technologies for identification of genotypes, clones and their ancestors will enable researchers and producers to verify identity and parentage of propagules, whether produced by conventional or modern propagation methods. No doubt yet to be imagined applications of plant biotechnology will emerge as the XXIst Century continues to unfold.