Influence of acute moderate- to high-intensity aerobic exercise on markers of immune function and microparticles in renal transplant recipients

Renal transplant recipients (RTRs) and patients with nondialysis chronic kidney disease display elevated circulating microparticle (MP) counts, while RTRs display immunosuppression-induced infection susceptibility. The impact of aerobic exercise on circulating immune cells and MPs is unknown in RTRs. Fifteen RTRs [age: 52.8 +/- 14.5 yr, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR): 51.7 +/- 19.8 mL.min(-1) .1.73 m(-2) (mean +/- SD)] and 16 patients with nondialysis chronic kidney disease (age: 54.8 +/- 16.3 yr, eGFR: 61.9 +/- 21.0 mL.min(-1) .1.73 m(-2), acting as a uremic control group), and 16 healthy control participants (age: 52.2 +/- 16.2 yr, eGFR: 85.6 +/- 6.1 mL.min(-1 ).1.73 m(-2)) completed 20 min of walking at 60-70% peak O-2 consumption. Venous blood samples were taken preexercise, postexercise, and 1 h postexercise. Leukocytes and MPs were assessed using flow cytometry. Exercise increased classical (P = 0.001) and nonclassical (P = 0.002) monocyte subset proportions but decreased the intermediate subset (P < 0.001) in all groups. Exercise also decreased the percentage of platelet-derived MPs that expressed tissue factor in all groups (P = 0.01), although no other exercise-dependent effects were observed. The exercise-induced reduction in intermediate monocyte percentage suggests an anti-inflammatory effect, although this requires further investigation. The reduction in the percentage of tissue factor-positive plateletderived MN suggests reduced prothrombotic potential, although further functional assays are required. Exercise did not cause aberrant immune cell activation, suggesting its safety from an immunological standpoint (ISRCTN38935454).