The Military Hypermasculine Mystique: Sex, Status, and Emotional Control at the United States Military Academy

被引:7
|
作者
Schaefer, Hillary S. [1 ]
Cotting, Dave, I [2 ]
Proctor, Eliot S. [3 ]
Ryan, Diane M. [1 ]
Lerner, Richard M. [1 ]
机构
[1] Tufts Univ, Eliot Pearson Dept Child Study & Human Dev, 26 Winthrop St, Medford, MA 02155 USA
[2] Inst Def Anal, Alexandria, VA USA
[3] US Army, Arlington, VA USA
来源
PSYCHOLOGY OF MEN & MASCULINITIES | 2021年 / 22卷 / 04期
关键词
hypermasculinity; sexism; military; diversity training; higher education; SOCIAL-DOMINANCE ORIENTATION; INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; MASCULINE NORMS; ASSAULT PREVENTION; AMBIVALENT SEXISM; ACQUAINTANCE RAPE; HOSTILE SEXISM; RISK-FACTORS; ATTITUDES; AGGRESSION;
D O I
10.1037/men0000365
中图分类号
B84 [心理学];
学科分类号
04 ; 0402 ;
摘要
Although hostile expressions of masculinity have robust negative impacts in multiple domains among civilian populations, in the military, masculinity is a rarer target of inquiry and remains a polarizing subject. This article examines hostile and hypermasculine attitudes that prior work suggests may be associated with negative consequences for the social environment and men themselves in a U.S. military educational environment (N = 1,560 freshmen and 499 graduating senior men). Multivariate moderated multiple regressions (MMMR) linked military hypermasculinity facets (Machiavellian desire for status and control; conformity to masculine norms including emotional control, violence tolerance, needing to win, and impersonal sex preference; hostile and benevolent sexism) to performance outcomes including academics, leadership, and fitness; perceptions of peers, leadership, and antibias programming; and behavior. Desire for status, impersonal sex preference, violence tolerance, and benevolent sexism predicted negative performance outcomes. Violence tolerance, emotional control, and hostile sexism were associated with poorer perception of character education and/or anti-bias programming. Needing to win and control were associated with positive performance outcomes. Healthy messaging surrounding emotions, sex, and perception of women may help assuage toxic expressions of masculinity in the military. Contextualized demonstration of the counterproductive aspects of military hypermasculinity might sidestep opposition to altering hegemonic norms.
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页码:611 / 626
页数:16
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