C Code Generation Applied to Nonlinear Model Predictive Control for an Artificial Pancreas

This paper presents a method to generate C code from MATLAB code applied to a nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) algorithm. The C code generation uses the MATLAB Coder Toolbox. It can drastically reduce the time required for development compared to a manual porting of code from MATLAB to C, while ensuring a reliable and fairly optimized code. We present an application of code generation to the numerical solution of nonlinear optimal control problems (OCP). The OCP uses a sequential quadratic programming algorithm with multiple shooting and sensitivity computation. We consider the problem of glucose regulation for people with type 1 diabetes as a case study. The average computation time when using generated C code is 0.21 s (MATLAB: 1.5 s), and the maximum computation time when using generated C code is 0.97 s (MATLAB: 5.7 s). Compared to the MATLAB implementation, generated C code can run in average more than 7 times faster.