The Re-introduction of Writing on the Canvas after Abstract Expressionism, the Notion of Flatness in Painting

Beginning in the 1950s, North American (and European) artists began to use writing more and more because it broke away from the heyday of abstract expressionism and returned to representative art (such as Pop Art). In this article, I have selectively selected examples from the respective fields of art and literature to show features that are difficult to read in text. As shown above, taking Twombly's signature seriously as a script, and then interpreting McCafferty's markup graphically, can yield a lot of benefits. Regarding experimental visual poetry, the act of treating writing as the gist of an encounter between image and text has already had many exemplary models. However, by contradicting the above-mentioned examples with the aesthetic debate of the time, it is possible to gain a deeper understanding of the above-mentioned illegible examples-re-introducing the way of writing on canvas after abstract expressionism, that is, the flatness of painting.