Treatment-related amenorrhea in a modern, prospective cohort study of young women with breast cancer

Young women with breast cancer experience unique treatment and survivorship issues centering on treatment-related amenorrhea (TRA), including fertility preservation and management of ovarian function as endocrine therapy. The Young Women's Breast Cancer Study (YWS) is a multi-center, prospective cohort study of women diagnosed at age <= 40, enrolled from 2006 to 2016. Menstrual outcomes were self-reported on serial surveys. We evaluated factors associated with TRA using logistic regression. One year post-diagnosis, 286/789 (36.2%) experienced TRA, yet most resumed menses (2-year TRA: 120/699; 17.2%). Features associated with 1-year TRA included older age (OR <= 30vs36-40 = 0.29 (0.17-0.48), OR31-35vs36-40 = 0.67 (0.46-0.94), p = 0.02); normal body mass index (BMI) (OR >= 25vs18.5-24. =0.59 (0.41-0.83), p < 0.01); chemotherapy (ORchemo vs no chemo = 5.55 (3(.)60-8.82), p < 0.01); and tamoxifen (OR = 1.55 (1.11-2.16), p = 0.01). TRA rates were similar across most standard regimens (docetaxel/carboplatin/trastuzumab +/- pertuzumab: 55.6%; docetaxel/cyclophosphamide +/- trastuzumab/pertuzumab: 41.8%; doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide/paclitaxel +/- trastuzumab/pertuzumab: 44.1%; but numerically lower with AC alone (25%) or paclitaxel/trastuzumab (11.1%). Among young women with breast cancer, lower BMI appears to be an independent predictor of TRA. This finding has important implications for interpretation of prior studies, future research, and patient care in our increasingly obese population. Additionally, these data describe TRA associated with use of docetaxel/cyclophosphamide, which is increasingly being used in lieu of anthracycline-containing regimens. Collectively, these data can be used to inform use of fertility preservation strategies for women who need to undergo treatment as well as the potential need for ovarian suppression following modern chemotherapy for young women with estrogen-receptor-positive breast cancer.