Taxonomy of Small-Scale Fading Models

Fading is a signal distortion due to the heterogeneity of the communication channel, multipath propagation of radio waves, relative motion of the transmitter and receiver, shading. Traditionally, such distributions as the Rayleigh distribution, the Rice distribution (Nakagami-n), the Nakagami-m distribution, the Hoyt distribution, the Nakagami-q distribution, the Weibull distribution, the one-sided Gaussian distribution, the negative exponential distribution, the lognormal distribution used to describe fading. In recent years, significant new results have been obtained in the study of physical bases of fading. Traditional fading models do not take into account new results. There was a need to complicate fading models. There appeared models that considered such phenomena as the nonlinearity of the propagation medium, the effects of scattering of radio waves, the presence of dominant components, the cluster nature of multipath propagation, the unbalance of the quadrature components of the signal. The knowledge of fading models in this paper is systematized in the form of taxonomy