Analysis of Seafloor Sediment Distribution using Multibeam Backscatter Data

Multibeam sonars use an acoustic wave to provide a view of seafloor topography and collect its backscatter. Seafloor backscatter image can be used as a means of quantitative classification of seafloor lithology. This allows sediment expert to examine spatial distributions of seafloor sediment types and discriminate among them. This method is expected to reduce expensive bottom-sampling programs. The research examined multibeam data collected from Indonesia Exploration 2010 Project. This project employed a Kongsberg EM302 multibeam system to collect seafloor topography and backscatter data at Sangihe Talaud Sea, North Sulawesi. The average depth of the area study is approximately 2400 m. The research applied the Angular Response Curve (ARC) method to analyze the echo strength of the backscatter as a function of the grazing angle. The range of backscatter intensity in this area is from -9dB to -67dB. Based on the backscatter data, there are five types of sediment in this area: clay, mud, gravel, sand, and boulder.