A new species of Pentanema Cass. (Asteraceae-Inuleae), Pentanema alanyense H. Duman & Anderb., sp, nov. is described. This is the first record of a species of this genus from Turkey. An illustration of the new species and a brief description of its habitat is provided along with a discussion of the phylogenetic status of the genus Pentanema with reference to generic delimitations in the Inula complex. (C) 1999 The Linnean Society of London.