The influence of prior knowledge on constructive biases

被引：6

作者：

Walther, E ^{[1
]}

Fiedler, K ^{[1
]}

Nickel, S ^{[1
]}

机构：

[1] Univ Heidelberg, Dept Psychol, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany

来源：

SWISS JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY | 2003年 / 62卷 / 04期

关键词：

constructive biases; expert knowledge; clinical judgments;

D O I：

10.1024/1421-0185.62.4.219

中图分类号：

B84 [心理学];

学科分类号：

04 ; 0402 ;

摘要：

Two experimental studies investigated the influence of prior knowledge on constructive judgments. In Study 1, individuals with high expertise (graduate students) and individuals with low expertise (freshmen) were required to answer questions about a target's mania before they were asked to judge the target on several rating scales including mania. Results indicated that merely thinking about the mania questions resulted in stronger constructive biases (i.e., higher mania ratings) in experts as compared to non-experts. This effect occurred even when participants correctly rejected the question content as false. Study 2, in which knowledge structures were varied experimentally, replicated these findings.

引用

页码：219 / 231

页数：13

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