Effect of astaxanthin in extenders on sperm quality and functional variables of frozen-thawed boar semen

The aim of the study was to determine whether the presence of astaxanthin (ASX) protects boar spermatozoa against damage related to cryopreservation. Pooled ejaculates extended in Beltsville Thawing Solution (BTS) were used. Three experiments were conducted: 1) sperm samples were pre-incubated overnight (17 degrees C) with ASX (0, 0.5, 5, 15 mu M) prior to freezing and then frozen using cooling and thawing extenders supplemented with ASX (0, 0.5, 5, 15 mu M); 2) sperm samples were treated with ASX (0, 0.5, 5, 15 mu M) only during overnight pre-incubation (17 degrees C) prior to cryopreservation; and 3) a thawing extender was supplemented with ASX (0, 0.5, 5, 15 mu M). The groups were as follows: control (C; no treatment), ASX 1 (0.5 mu M), ASX 2 (5 mu M) and ASX 3 (15 mu M). Total (TM) and progressive (PM) motility was analyzed using CASA, while sperm viability, reactive oxygen species generation, lipid peroxidation and apoptoticlike changes were analyzed using flow cytometry. Sperm variables were evaluated prior to freezing as well as 30 and 150 min after thawing. In Experiment 1, the values of TM and sperm viability post-thaw were less in the ASX 3 than C group. In Experiment 2, there was no effect of ASX on any of the sperm variables evaluated, while in Experiment 3, apoptotic-like changes were less in the ASX 1 than C group. In conclusion, there was a subtle beneficial effect on cryopreserved boar spermatozoa after addition of ASX to thawing media.