Predator-Prey Model with Prey Group Defense and Non-linear Predator Harvesting

This paper is concerned with a predator-prey system with a prey group defense and non-linear harvesting of the predator incorporating deterrence hypothesis for predators. Inclusion of predator deterrence rate makes the modelling approach more practicable and exhibits significant impact on the net predation. Taking all possible interactions into account, model equations are formulated. In brief qualitative analysis, existence of interior equilibrium and stabilities of all equilibrium points of the system are discussed to investigate the dynamical behavior of the ecosystem. Hopf, transcritical and saddle-node bifurcations are illustrated for various parameters. Numerical simulations are ecologically justified and supportive of theoretical results.